ʻāpana pahu hakahaka huinaha nā paipu kila kūkulu

ʻāpana pahu hakahaka huinaha paipu kila kūkulu Kiʻi i hōʻike ʻia

Wehewehe Pōkole:

Ua hoʻolako ka metala e hiki mai ana i ka ʻoihana kūkulu hale a me ke kūkulu ʻana me nā ʻano kila kūkulu āpau no nā makahiki he nui, me kahi ākea o nā ʻāpana kila kila palupalu: huinaha, ʻehā huinahā a me ka pōʻai. Loaʻa kā mākou huahana ʻāpana pahu paipu kila palupalu, huinaha a me ka ʻehā huinahā i nā ʻano papa like ʻole, nā nui a me nā hoʻopau a hāʻawi pū mākou i kahi lawelawe ʻoki wikiwiki, no laila inā ʻaʻole mākou e mālama i ka ʻāpana kila hakahaka āu e ʻimi nei, hiki iā mākou ke ʻoki e kauoha a hoʻouna i kāu kila iā ʻoe i ka manawa pōkole.

E kiʻi i kahi ʻōlelo kūʻai manuahi

Nā kikoʻī huahana

Nā Lepili Huahana

He mau hale kila paʻa nā ʻāpana hakahaka me ka lakio ikaika kiʻekiʻe i ke kaumaha.

ʻO nā mea kaulana e pili ana i nā alapiʻi a me nā kūkulu ʻana o ke alahaka ma luna. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻāpana hakahaka i nā hale kūkulu.

ʻO ka maʻamau, hele mai nā ʻāpana hakahaka i ʻelua mau ʻano ʻāpana kea maʻamau, ʻo ia hoʻi:

Nā ʻĀpana Lua Huinahā
Nā ʻāpana hakahaka huinahā

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e like me nā mea like ʻole:

Nā ʻāpana hakahaka huinahā i hana anu ʻia
Nā ʻāpana hakahaka huinahā i hoʻopau ʻia me ka wela

Nā kikoʻī o ka paipu Square Hollow Sections

Ka nui o ka ʻāpana	Mānoanoa o ka paia	Kaumaha ʻĀpana	ʻĀpana ʻĀpana	Manawa o ka Inertia		Radius o ka Gyration		Modulus o ka ʻĀpana
D x B	t	M	A	Ix	Iy	ix	iy	Zx	Zy
mm	mm	kg/m	kenimika2	kenimika4	kenimika4	cm	cm	kenimika	kenimika
25 x 12	1.20 1.60	0.67 0.86	0.85 1.08	0.62 0.75	0.21 0.25	0.87 0.85	0.50 0.46	0.51 0.61	0.33 0.39
38 x 19	1.00 1.20 1.60	0.78 1.02 1.34	1.10 1.30 1.70	2.10 2.41 3.09	0.78 0.81 1.02	1.37 1.36 1.35	0.81 0.79 0.77	1.37 1.27 1.62	0.80 0.85 1.07
50 x 25	1.00 1.20 1.60 2.30 3.00	1.15 1.36 1.79 2.48 3.13	1.46 1.86 2.48 3.19 4.04	4.99 5.99 7.78 9.86 11.86	1.69 2.04 2.58 3.23 3.87	1.85 1.84 1.83 1.76 1.73	1.08 1.07 1.05 1.01 0.99	1.96 2.36 3.06 3.94 4.67	1.33 1.59 2.05 2.59 3.06
75 x 38	1.60 2.30 3.00	2.70 3.85 4.92	3.30 4.85 6.35	24.97 34.60 45.20	8.69 12.00 15.15	2.72 2.67 2.66	1.60 1.57 1.54	6.55 9.23 11.86	4.57 6.30 7.95
75 x 50	1.90 2.30 3.00 4.50 6.00	3.60 4.24 5.42 7.78 10.56	4.61 5.40 6.90 9.91 13.47	36.62 41.86 52.06 70.20 91.98	20.22 22.36 27.67 36.87 47.86	2.84 2.78 2.74 2.66 2.62	2.09 2.03 2.00 1.921.88	9.61 11.16 13.88 18.72 24.09	7.96 8.94 11.06 14.74 18.85
100 x 50	1.90 2.30 3.00 3.20 4.50 6.00	4.36 5.14 6.60 7.01 9.55 12.27	5.48 6.55 8.40 8.93 12.16 15.63	73.67 84.80 106.33 112.00 146.18 177.71	25.47 29.00 35.95 38.00 48.51 57.80	3.65 3.60 3.55 3.55 3.46 3.37	2.15 2.10 2.06 2.06 1.99 1.92	14.50 17.00 21.26 22.50 29.23 35.54	10.02 11.60 14.38 15.20 19.40 23.12
100 x 75	2.30 3.00 4.50 6.00	6.04 7.77 11.31 14.72	7.70 9.90 14.41 18.63	112.22 141.61 197.48 243.98	72.25 90.94 126.12 154.91	3.81 3.78 3.70 3.61	3.06 3.02 2.95 2.88	22.44 28.32 39.49 48.79	19.26 24.25 33.63 41.31
125 x 50	2.30 3.00 4.50 6.00	6.04 7.77 11.31 14.62	7.70 9.90 14.41 18.63	148.17 186.87 260.18 320.77	35.44 44.24 60.16 72.32	4.38 4.34 4.24 4.14	2.14 2.11 2.04 1.97	23.70 29.90 41.62 51.32	14.17 17.69 24.06 28.92
125 x 75	2.30 3.00 3.20 4.50 6.00	6.95 8.95 9.52 13.08 16.98	8.85 11.40 12.13 16.66 21.63	192.00 242.69 257.00 341.86 426.98	87.50 110.38 117.00 154.08 190.62	4.65 4.61 4.60 4.52 4.44	3.14 3.11 3.10 3.04 2.96	30.60 38.83 41.10 54.69 68.31	23.30 29.43 31.10 41.08 50.83

Ka nui o ka ʻāpana	Mānoanoa o ka paia	Kaumaha ʻĀpana	ʻĀpana ʻĀpana	Manawa o ka Inertia		Radius o ka Gyration		Modulus o ka ʻĀpana
D x B	t	M	A	Ix	Iy	ix	iy	Zx	Zy
mm	mm	kg/m	kenimika2	kenimika4	kenimika4	cm	cm	kenimika	kenimika
25 x 12	1.201.60	0.670.86	0.851.08	0.620.75	0.210.25	0.870.85	0.500.46	0.51 0.61	0.33 0.39
38 x 19	1.00 1.20 1.60	0.78 1.02 1.34	1.10 1.30 1.70	2.10 2.41 3.09	0.78 0.81 1.02	1.37 1.36 1.35	0.81 0.79 0.77	1.37 1.27 1.62	0.80 0.85 1.07
50 x 25	1.00 1.20 1.60 2.30 3.00	1.15 1.36 1.79 2.48 3.13	1.46 1.86 2.48 3.19 4.04	4.99 5.99 7.78 9.86 11.86	1.69 2.04 2.58 3.23 3.87	1.85 1.84 1.83 1.76 1.73	1.08 1.07 1.05 1.01 0.99	1.96 2.36 3.06 3.94 4.67	1.33 1.59 2.05 2.59 3.06
75 x 38	1.60 2.30 3.00	2.70 3.85 4.92	3.30 4.85 6.35	24.97 34.60 45.20	8.69 12.00 15.15	2.72 2.67 2.66	1.60 1.57 1.54	6.55 9.23 11.86	4.57 6.30 7.95
75 x 50	1.90 2.30 3.00 4.50 6.00	3.60 4.24 5.42 7.78 10.56	4.61 5.40 6.90 9.91 13.47	36.62 41.86 52.06 70.20 91.98	20.22 22.36 27.67 36.87 47.86	2.84 2.78 2.74 2.66 2.62	2.09 2.03 2.00 1.92 1.88	9.61 11.16 13.88 18.72 24.09	7.96 8.94 11.06 14.74 18.85
100 x 50	1.90 2.30 3.00 3.20 4.50 6.00	4.36 5.14 6.60 7.01 9.55 12.27	5.48 6.55 8.40 8.93 12.16 15.63	73.67 84.80 106.33 112.00 146.18 177.71	25.47 29.00 35.95 38.00 48.51 57.80	3.65 3.60 3.55 3.55 3.46 3.37	2.15 2.10 2.06 2.06 1.99 1.92	14.50 17.00 21.26 22.50 29.23 35.54	10.02 11.60 14.38 15.20 19.40 23.12
100 x 75	2.30 3.00 4.50 6.00	6.04 7.77 11.31 14.72	7.70 9.90 14.41 18.63	112.22 141.61 197.48 243.98	72.25 90.94 126.12 154.91	3.81 3.78 3.70 3.61	3.06 3.02 2.95 2.88	22.44 28.32 39.49 48.79	19.26 24.25 33.63 41.31
125 x 50	2.30 3.00 4.50 6.00	6.04 7.77 11.31 14.62	7.70 9.90 14.41 18.63	148.17 186.87 260.18 320.77	35.44 44.24 60.16 72.32	4.38 4.34 4.24 4.14	2.14 2.11 2.04 1.97	23.70 29.90 41.62 51.32	14.17 17.69 24.06 28.92
125 x 75	2.30 3.00 3.20 4.50 6.00	6.95 8.95 9.52 13.08 16.98	8.85 11.40 12.13 16.66 21.63	192.00 242.69 257.00 341.86 426.98	87.50 110.38 117.00 154.08 190.62	4.65 4.61 4.60 4.52 4.44	3.14 3.11 3.10 3.04 2.96	30.60 38.83 41.10 54.69 68.31	23.30 29.43 31.10 41.08 50.83

STM A500 Gr B

EN10219 S275JR / JØ / J2H

EN10219 S355JR / JØ / J2H

Ka nui o ka ʻāpana	Mānoanoa o ka paia	Kaumaha ʻĀpana	ʻĀpana ʻĀpana	Manawa ʻelua o ka ʻāpana		Radius o ka Gyration		Modulus Elastic		Modulus Palakiko		Nā Kūlana Torsional		ʻĀpana ʻIli No ka Mika
D x B	t	M	A	ʻAxisx-x	ʻAxis-y	ʻAxisx-x	ʻAxis-y	ʻAxisx-x	ʻAxis-y	ʻAxisx-x	ʻAxis-y	J	C
mm	mm	kg/m	kenimika2	kenimika4	kenimika4	cm	cm	kenimika	kenimika	kenimika	kenimika	kenimika4	kenimika	m2/m
100 x 50	3.00	6.75	8.54	110	36.80	3.58	2.08	21.90	14.70	27.30	16.80	88.40	25.00	0.29
	3.20	7.18	9.08	116	38.80	3.57	2.07	23.20	15.50	28.90	17.70	93.40	26.40	0.29
	4.00	8.86	11.20	140	46.20	3.53	2.03	27.90	18.50	35.20	21.50	113.00	31.40	0.29
	5.00	10.90	13.70	167	54.30	3.48	1.99	33.30	21.70	42.60	25.80	135.00	36.90	0.29
	6.00	12.90	16.20	190	61.20	3.43	1.95	38.10	24.50	49.40	29.70	154.00	41.60	0.29
	6.30	13.40	16.90	197	63.00	3.42	1.93	39.40	25.20	51.30	30.80	160.00	42.90	0.28
	8.00	16.60	20.80	230	71.70	3.33	1.86	46.00	28.70	61.40	36.30	186.00	48.90	0.28
	10.00	19.60	24.90	259	78.40	3.22	1.77	51.80	31.40	71.20	41.40	209.00	53.60	0.27
100 x 60	3.00	7.22	9.14	124	55.70	3.68	2.47	24.70	18.60	30.20	21.20	121	30.70	0.31
	3.60	8.59	10.90	145	64.80	3.65	2.44	28.90	21.60	35.60	24.90	142	35.60	0.31
	5.00	11.70	14.70	189	83.60	3.58	2.38	37.80	27.90	47.40	32.90	188	45.90	0.31
	6.00	13.80	17.40	217	95.00	3.53	2.34	43.40	31.70	55.10	38.10	216	52.10	0.31
	6.30	14.40	18.10	225	98.10	3.52	2.33	45.00	32.70	57.30	39.50	224	53.80	0.30
	8.00	17.80	22.40	264	113.00	3.44	2.25	52.80	37.80	68.70	47.10	265	62.20	0.30
120 x 60	3.60	9.72	12:30	227	76.30	4.30	2.49	37.90	25.40	47.20	28.90	183	43.30	0.35
	4.00	10.70	13.60	249	83.10	4.28	2.47	41.50	27.70	51.90	31.70	201	47.10	0.35
	5.00	13.30	16.70	299	98.80	4.23	2.43	49.90	32.90	63.10	38.40	242	56.00	0.35
	6.00	15.70	19.80	345	113.00	4.18	2.39	57.50	37.50	73.60	44.50	279	63.80	0.35
	6.30	16.40	20.70	358	116.00	4.16	2.37	59.70	38.80	76.70	46.30	290	65.90	0.34
	8.00	20.40	25.60	425	135.00	4.08	2.30	70.80	45.00	92.70	55.40	344	76.60	0.34
	10.00	24.30	30.90	488	152.00	3.97	2.21	81.40	50.50	109.20	64.40	396	86.10	0.33
120 x 80	5.00	14.80	18.70	365	193	4.42	3.21	60.90	48.20	74.60	56.10	401	77.90	0.39
	6.00	17.60	22.20	423	222	4.37	3.17	70.60	55.60	87.30	65.50	468	89.60	0.39
	6.30	18.40	23.20	440	230	4.36	3.15	73.30	57.60	91.00	68.20	487	92.90	0.38
	8.00	22.90	28.80	525	273	4.27	3.08	87.50	68.10	111.00	82.60	587	110.00	0.38
	10.00	27.90	34.90	609	313	4.18	2.99	102.00	78.10	131.00	97.30	688	126.00	0.37
150 x 100	5.00	18.70	23.70	739	392	5.58	4.07	98.50	78.50	119	90.10	807	127	0.49
	6.00	22.30	28.20	862	456	5.53	4.02	115.00	91.20	141	106.00	946	147	0.49
	6.30	23.30	29.50	898	474	5.52	4.01	120.00	94.80	147	110.00	986	153	0.48
	8.00	29.10	36.80	1,087	569	5.44	3.94	145.00	114.00	180	135.00	1,203	183	0.48
	10.00	35.70	44.90	1,282	665	5.34	3.85	171.00	133.00	216	161.00	1,432	214	0.47
	12.00	41.40	52.70	1,450	745	5.25	3.76	193.00	149.00	249	185.00	1,633	240	0.47
	12.50	42.80	54.60	1,488	763	5.22	3.74	198.00	153.00	256	190.00	1,679	246	0.47
160 x 80	4.50	16.24	20.60	679	229	5.75	3.33	84.90	57.10	106	64.80	547	97	0.47
	5.00	18.00	22.70	744	249	5.72	3.31	93.00	62.30	116	71.10	600	106	0.47
	6.00	21.30	27.00	868	288	5.67	3.27	108.00	72.00	136	83.30	701	122	0.47
	6.30	22.30	28.20	903	299	5.66	3.26	113.00	74.80	142	86.80	730	127	0.46
	8.00	27.90	35.20	1,091	356	5.57	3.18	136.00	89.00	175	106.00	883	151	0.46
	10.00	34.20	42.90	1,284	411	5.47	3.10	161.00	103.00	209	125.00	1,041	175	0.45
	12.00	39.50	50.30	1,449	455	5.37	3.01	181.00	114.00	240	142.00	1,175	194	0.45
	12.50	41.60	52.10	1,485	465	5.34	2.99	186.00	116.00	247	146.00	1,204	198	0.45

MāheleKa nui	PāMānoanoa	ʻĀpanaKaumaha	MāheleʻĀpana	Ka luaManawao ka ʻĀpana		Ka laulā oHoʻoliʻiliʻi		ʻEleʻeleModulus		PalakikoModulus		Nā Kūlana Torsional		ʻĀpana ʻIliNo kēlā me kēia Mika
D x B	t	M	A	ʻAkisi xx	ʻAkisi yy	ʻAkisi xx	ʻAkisi yy	ʻAxisx-x	ʻAkisi yy	ʻAxisx-x	ʻAxis-y	J	C
mm	mm	kg/m	kenimika2	kenimika4	kenimika4	cm	cm	kenimika	kenimika	kenimika	kenimika	kenimika4	kenimika	m2/m
200 x 100	5.00 6.00 6.30 8.00 10.00 12.00 12.50 16.00	22.70 27.00 28.30 35.40 43.60 50.80 53.40 66.40	28.70 34.20 35.80 44.80 54.90 64.70 67.10 83.00	1,495 1,754 1,829 2,234 2,664 3,047 3,136 3,678	505 589 613 739 869 979 1,004 1,147	7.21 7.16 7.15 7.06 6.96 6.86 6.84 6.66	4.19 4.15 4.14 4.06 3.98 3.89 3.87 3.72	149 175 183 223 266 305 314 368	101 118 123 148 174 196 201 229	185 218 228 282 341 395 408 491	114 134 140 172 206 237 245 290	1,204 1,414 1,475 1,804 2,156 2,469 2,541 2,982	172 200 208 251 295 333 341 391	0.59 0.59 0.58 0.58 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.56
200 x 120	5.00 6.30 8.00 10.00 12.50 16.00	24.10 30.10 37.60 46.30 55.70 71.38	30.70 38.30 48.00 58.90 71.70 89.40	1,690 2,070 2,530 3,030 3,468 4,221	762 929 1,130 1,340 1,524 1,813	7.40 7.34 7.26 7.17 6.99 6.87	4.98 4.92 4.85 4.76 4.63 4.50	168 207 253 303 347 422	127 155 188 223 254 302	205 253 313 379 444 550	144 177 218 263 308 377	1,650 2,030 2,490 3,000 3,568 4,247	210 255 310 367 426 497	0.63 0.62 0.62 0.61 0.61 0.60
200 x 150	6.00 6.30 8.00 9.00 10.00 12.00 12.50	31.70 33.22 41.70 46.60 51.40 60.90 63.20	40.20 42.10 52.80 58.90 64.90 76.70 79.60	2,318 2,420 2,971 3,276 3,568 4,109 4,236	1,485 1,549 1,894 2,084 2,264 2,596 2,673	7.60 7.58 7.50 7.46 7.41 7.32 7.30	6.08 6.07 5.99 5.95 5.91 5.82 5.80	232 242 297 328 357 411 424	198 207 253 278 302 346 356	277 289 359 398 436 508 525	227 237 294 325 356 414 428	2,820 2,947 3,643 4,033 4,409 5,119 5,287	313 326 398 437 475 543 559	0.69 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.67 0.67 0.67
250 x 150	6.00 6.30 8.00 10.00 12.50 16.00	36.40 38.00 48.00 59.30 73.00 91.50	46.20 48.40 60.80 74.90 92.10 115.00	3,965 4,143 5,111 6,174 7,387 8,879	1,796 1,874 2,298 2,755 3,265 3,873	9.27 9.25 9.17 9.08 8.96 8.79	6.24 6.22 6.15 6.06 5.96 5.80	317 331 409 494 591 710	239 250 306 367 435 516	385 402 501 611 740 906	270 283 350 426 514 625	3,877 4,054 5,021 6,090 7,326 8,868	396 413 506 605 717 849	0.79 0.78 0.78 0.77 0.77 0.76
300 x 100	5.00 6.00 6.30 8.00 10.00 12.00 16.00	30.52 36.20 38.00 48.00 58.80 70.30 91.50	38.70 46.20 48.40 61.10 74.90 88.70 117.00	4,146 4,893 5,111 6,386 7,613 8,818 11,240	731 854 890 1,087 1,275 1,447 1,747	10.30 10.30 10.30 10.20 10.10 9.97 9.82	4.34 4.30 4.29 4.22 4.13 4.04 3.87	276 326 341 426 508 588 749	146 171 178 217 255 289 349	354 419 439 551 666 779 1,008	161 190 199 247 296 343 431	2,040 2,399 2,504 3,066 3,676 4,223 5,142	262 306 319 387 458 520 620	0.79 0.79 0.78 0.78 0.77 0.77 0.77
300 x 200	6.00 6.30 8.00 10.00 12.00 12.50 16.00	45.80 48.10 60.50 75.00 89.15 92.60 117.00	58.20 61.00 76.80 94.90 113.00 117.00 147.00	7,486 7,829 9,717 11,820 13,800 14,270 17,390	4,013 4,193 5,184 6,278 7,294 7,537 9,109	11.30 11.30 11.30 11.20 11.10 11.00 10.90	8.31 8.29 8.22 8.13 8.05 8.02 7.87	499 522 648 788 920 952 1,159	401 419 518 628 729 754 911	596 624 779 956 1,124 1,165 1,441	451 472 589 721 847 877 1,080	8,100 8,476 10,560 12,910 15,140 15,680 19,250	651 681 840 1,015 1,178 1,217 1,468	0.99 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.96
300 x 250	6.30 8.00 10.00 12.50 16.00	53.00 66.80 82.80 102.00 129.00	67.50 85.10 106.00 130.00 165.00	9,239 11,500 14,050 17,050 20,930	6,984 8,682 10,580 12,810 15,670	11.70 11.60 11.50 11.40 11.30	10.20 10.10 10.00 9.91 9.76	616 767 937 1,137 1,395	559 695 847 1,025 1,254	720 902 1,109 1,358 1,689	636 796 978 1,196 1,485	12,140 15,170 18,600 22,680 28,020	862 1,067 1,295 1,561 1,898	1.08 1.08 1.07 1.07 1.06

MāheleKa nui	PāMānoanoa	ʻĀpanaKaumaha	MāheleʻĀpana	Ka luaManawao ka ʻĀpana		Ka laulā oHoʻoliʻiliʻi		ʻEleʻeleModulus		PalakikoModulus		Nā Kūlana Torsional		ʻĀpana ʻIliNo ka mika
D x B	t	M	A	ʻAkisi xx	ʻAkisi yy	ʻAxisx-x	ʻAxis-y	ʻAxisx-x	ʻAxis-y	ʻAxisx-x	ʻAxis-y	J	C
mm	mm	kg/m	kenimika2	kenimika4	kenimika4	cm	cm	kenimika	kenimika	kenimika	kenimika	kenimika4	kenimika	m2/m
350 x 150	6.30 8.00 10.00 12.50 16.00	48.10 60.50 75.00 92.60 117.00	61.00 77.00 94.90 117.00 149.00	9,551 11,880 14,320 17,300 21,500	2,537 3,125 3,737 4,450 5,386	12.50 12.40 12:30 12.20 12.00	6.44 6.36 6.27 6.17 6.02	546 679 818 988 1,229	338 417 498 593 718	680 851 1,035 1,263 1,586	375 467 566 686 850	6,383 7,917 9,633 11,620 14,110	587 721 867 1,032 1,235	0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97
350 x 250	8.00 10.00 12.50 16.00	73.10 90.70 112.00 142.00	93.00 116.00 143.00 181.00	16,560 20,270 24,680 30,440	9,854 12,020 14,580 17,860	13.30 13.20 13.10 13.00	10.30 10.20 10.10 9.95	946 1,158 1,410 1,739	788 963 1,166 1,429	1,124 1,385 1,700 2,121	892 1,098 1,345 1,672	19,010 23,330 28,490 35,280	1,255 1,526 1,843 2,248	1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18
400 x 120	6.30 8.00 10.00 12.50	50.00 63.10 78.10 96.60	63.70 80.30 99.50 123.00	11,880 14,790 18,050 21,900	1,752 2,146 2,569 3,040	13.70 13.60 13.50 13.30	5.24 5.17 5.08 4.97	594 740 903 1,095	292 358 428 507	766 960 1,180 1,444	322 399 486 588	5,035 6,212 7,501 8,973	527 645 771 912	1.03 1.02 1.02 1.01
400 x 150	6.30 8.00 10.00 12.50 16.00	53.00 66.80 82.80 102.00 129.00	67.50 85.10 106.00 130.00 165.00	13,350 16,630 20,340 24,720 30,400	2,863 3,528 4,257 5,087 6,108	14.10 14.00 13.90 13.80 13.60	6.51 6.44 6.35 6.24 6.09	667 832 1,017 1,236 1,520	382 470 568 678 814	841 1,054 1,297 1,589 1,978	420 524 640 778 957	7,588 9,415 11,450 13,820 16,810	673 828 998 1,191 1,427	1.09 1.08 1.08 1.07 1.06
400 x 200	6.30 8.00 10.00 12.50 16.00	57.90 73.10 90.70 112.00 142.00	73.60 92.80 115.00 142.00 179.00	15,700 19,560 23,910 29,060 35,740	5,376 6,660 8,084 9,738 11,820	14.60 14.50 14.40 14.30 14.10	8.55 8.47 8.39 8.28 8.13	785 978 1,196 1,453 1,787	538 666 808 974 1,182	960 1,203 1,480 1,813 2,256	594 743 911 1,111 1,374	12,610 15,740 19,260 23,440 28,870	917 1,135 1,376 1,656 2,010	1.18 1.18 1.17 1.17 1.16
400 x 300	8.00 10.00 12.50 16.00	85.70 106.00 132.00 167.00	109.00 136.00 168.00 213.00	25,860 31,750 38,800 48,100	16,620 20,360 24,800 30,620	15.40 15.30 15.20 15.00	12:30 12:30 12.20 12.00	1,2931,587 1,940 2,405	1,108 1,357 1,654 2,041	1,52 41,882 2,316 2,899	1,252 1,544 1,898 2,371	30,980 38,140 46,750 58,200	1,749 2,136 2,593 3,186	1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37
450 x 250	8.00 10.00 12.50 16.00	85.40 106.00 132.00 167.00	109.00 135.00 167.00 211.00	30,080 36,900 45,030 55,710	12,140 14,820 17,970 22,040	16.60 16.50 16.40 16.20	10.60 10.50 10.40 10.20	1,337 1,640 2,001 2,476	971 1,185 1,438 1,763	1,622 2,000 2,458 3,070	1,081 1,331 1,631 2,029	27,080 33,280 40,720 50,550	1,629 1,986 2,406 2,947	1.38 1.37 1.37 1.36
500 x 200	8.00 10.00 12.50 16.00	85.70 106.00 132.00 167.00	109.00 135.00 168.00 213.00	34,270 41,760 51,510 63,930	8,170 9,891 12,020 14,670	17.70 17.60 17.50 17.30	8.70 8.60 8.50 8.31	1,371 1,670 2,060 2,557	817 989 1,202 1,467	1,716 2,105 2,609 3,267	900 1,101 1,354 1,683	21,100 25,870 31,480 38,830	1,430 1,737 2,097 2,554	1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37
500 x 300	10.00 12.50 16.00 20.00	122.00 152.00 192.00 237.00	155.00 192.00 243.00 302.00	53,760 65,810 81,780 100,100	24,440 29,780 36,770 44,550	18.60 18.50 18.30 18.20	12.60 12.50 12:30 12.10	2,150 2,633 3,271 4,006	1,629 1,985 2,451 2,970	2,595 3,196 4,005 4,942	1,826 2,244 2,804 3,442	52,450 64,390 80,330 97,310	2,696 3,281 4,044 4,845	1.57 1.57 1.56

Mea Hana Nā kikoʻīʻO EN100219 S275JR / JØ / J2H

EN100219 S355JR / JØ / J2H

Nā Pōmaikaʻi o ka Metala o ka Wā e Hiki Mai Ana

Ma ke ʻano he mea hana paipu kila/paipu (paipu huinaha, paipu kila kalapona, paipu kila kila, paipu seamless, paipu welded, paipu pololei, a pēlā aku) ma Kina, loaʻa iā mākou kahi laina hana piha a me kahi hiki ke hoʻolako paʻa. ʻO ke koho ʻana iā mākou e ʻae iā ʻoe e mālama i ka manawa a me ke kumukūʻai a loaʻa ka pōmaikaʻi nui loa!

Inā makemake ʻoe i kā mākou huahana, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻouna aku i nā laʻana manuahi iā ʻoe, a hiki nō hoʻi iā mākou ke ʻae i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o nā ʻoihana hoʻāʻo ʻaoʻao ʻekolu. Hoʻolohe mākou i ka hilinaʻi o ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā hopena hoʻāʻo a kau mua i nā makemake o ka mea kūʻai aku, i mea e hana ai i kahi ʻike kūʻai a kālepa ʻoluʻolu a lanakila-lanakila no nā mea kūʻai aku!

Mea hana paipu ʻĀpana Hollow ʻOihana Kina

ʻOi aku ka nui o kā mākou hale hana ma mua o30 mau makahiki o ka ʻike hana a me ka hoʻokuʻu aku, e hoʻokuʻu aku ana i nā ʻāina a me nā wahi he 50 a ʻoi, e like me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Kanada, Brazil, Chile, Netherlands, Tunisia, Kenya, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.Me ka waiwai hana paʻa i kēlā me kēia mahina, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō i nā kauoha hana nui a nā mea kūʻai aku.I kēia manawa aia he mau haneli o nā mea kūʻai aku me nā kauoha makahiki nui paʻa. Inā makemake ʻoe e kūʻai i ka paipu/tube ʻāpana hakahaka huinahā, paipu/tube ʻāpana hakahaka huinahā, paipu kila kalapona haʻahaʻa, paipu kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe, paipu huinahā, paipu ʻāpana kila pahu, paipu huinahā, paipu kila alloy, paipu kila seamless, paipu kila kalapona seamless, wili kila, pepa kila, paipu kila pololei, a me nā huahana kila ʻē aʻe, e kelepona mai iā mākou e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka lawelawe ʻoihana loa, e mālama i kou manawa a me ke kumukūʻai!

Ke kono nei hoʻi kā mākou hale hana i nā ʻelele kūloko ma nā ʻāina like ʻole. Aia ma mua o 60 mau ʻelele kila kila, ʻōwili kila a me nā paipu kila. Inā he ʻoihana kālepa haole ʻoe a ke ʻimi nei i nā mea hoʻolako kiʻekiʻe o nā papa kila, nā paipu kila a me nā ʻōwili kila ma Kina, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻokaʻaʻike mai iā mākou. No ka hāʻawi ʻana iā ʻoe i nā huahana ʻoihana a kiʻekiʻe loa ma Kina e hoʻomaikaʻi a hoʻomaikaʻi i kāu ʻoihana!

ʻO kā mākou hale hana ka mea nui loalaina hana huahana kila pihaa meke kaʻina hana hoʻāʻo huahana koʻikoʻi loa e hōʻoia i ka helu hala huahana 100%; ka mea nui loaʻōnaehana hoʻouna logistics piha, me kāna mea hoʻouna ukana ponoʻī,mālama iā ʻoe i nā kumukūʻai halihali hou aʻe a hōʻoia i ka 100% o nā waiwai. ka hoʻopili kūpono a me ka hōʻea ʻana. Inā ʻoe e ʻimi nei i ka pepa kila maikaʻi loa, ka ʻōwili kila, ka mea hana paipu kila ma Kina, a makemake ʻoe e mālama i ka ukana logistics hou aku, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona mai iā mākou, e hāʻawi kā mākou hui kūʻai aku multilingual ʻoihana a me ka hui halihali logistics iā ʻoe i ka lawelawe huahana Steel maikaʻi loa e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi huahana i hōʻoia ʻia he 100% maikaʻi!

E kiʻi i ka ʻōlelo maikaʻi loa no nā paipu kila: hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻouna mai iā mākou i kāu mau koi kikoʻī a e hāʻawi kā mākou hui kūʻai aku multilingual iā ʻoe i ka ʻōlelo maikaʻi loa! E hoʻomaka kā mākou laulima ʻana mai kēia kauoha a e hoʻonui i ka pōmaikaʻi o kāu ʻoihana!

Ma mua: paipu humuhumu kila erw paipu efw no ke kinoea

Aʻe: paipu ʻāpana pahu hakahaka kila huinahā/paipu ʻākau ʻākau

E kākau i kāu leka ma aneʻi a hoʻouna mai iā mākou