1. ʻO nā paipu kila humuhumu no nā paila kaomi kiʻekiʻe (GB5310-1995) he mau paipu kila humuhumu i hana ʻia me ke kila kalapona, ke kila huila a me ke kila kūpaʻa wela kila kila i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka ʻili o nā paila paipu wai me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe a ma luna.
2. ʻO ka paipu kila humuhumu no ka lawe ʻana i ke wai (GB/T8163-1999) he paipu kila humuhumu maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka lawe ʻana i ka wai, ka ʻaila, ke kinoea a me nā wai ʻē aʻe.
3. Hoʻohana ʻia nā paipu kila humuhumu no nā paila haʻahaʻa a me ke kaumaha waena (GB3087-1999) no ka hana ʻana i nā paipu mahu wela loa, nā paipu wai e paila ana no nā paila haʻahaʻa a me ke kaumaha waena o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā paipu mahu wela loa no nā paila locomotive, nā paipu uahi liʻiliʻi a me nā paipu piliki ʻāʻī** Nā paipu kila humuhumu kalapona i ʻōwili wela ʻia a huki anu ʻia (ʻōwili ʻia).
4. ʻO nā paipu kila humuhumu no nā ʻūpā axle kaʻa (GB3088-82) he mau paipu kila humuhumu wela i hana ʻia me ke kila hoʻolālā kalapona a me ke kila hoʻolālā alloy i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻūpā axle kaʻa a me nā paipu axle o nā hale axle drive.
5. ʻO ka paipu kila humuhumu kiʻekiʻe-kaomi no nā lako mea hoʻomomona (GB6479-2000) ʻo ia ka paipu kila humuhumu kalapona maikaʻi loa a me ke kila huila kila humuhumu kūpono no nā lako kemika a me nā pipelines me ka mahana hana o -40 ~ 400 ℃ a me ke kaomi hana o 10 ~ 30Ma.
6. ʻO nā paipu kila humuhumu ʻole no ka haki ʻaila (GB9948-88) he mau paipu kila humuhumu ʻole i kūpono no nā paipu umu, nā mea hoʻololi wela a me nā paipu i loko o nā hale hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila.
7. ʻO nā paipu kila no ka ʻeli ʻana i ka honua (YB235-70) he mau paipu kila i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻeli ʻana i ke kumu e nā keʻena honua. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i mau paipu ʻeli, nā kola ʻeli, nā paipu kumu, nā paipu hoʻopaʻa, a me nā paipu sedimentation.
8. ʻO ka paipu kila humuhumu no ka ʻeli ʻana i ke kumu daimana (GB3423-82) he paipu kila humuhumu i hoʻohana ʻia no ka paipu wili, ke koʻokoʻo kumu, a me ka uhi no ka ʻeli ʻana i ke kumu daimana.
9. ʻO ka paipu ʻeli ʻaila (YB528-65) he paipu kila humuhumu ʻole i hoʻomānoanoa ʻia i loko a i waho paha ma nā wēlau ʻelua o ka ʻeli ʻaila. ʻElua ʻano o nā paipu kila: uea a me ka ʻole o ka uea. Hoʻopili ʻia nā paipu uea e nā hui, a hoʻopili ʻia nā paipu ʻaʻole o ka uea me nā hui mea hana ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻūpā.
10. ʻO nā paipu kila kila humuhumu kalapona no nā moku (GB5213-85) he mau paipu kila humuhumu kalapona kila i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana paipu kaomi Papa I, nā ʻōnaehana paipu kaomi Papa II, nā paila a me nā superheaters. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka mahana hana o ka paia paipu kila humuhumu kalapona ma mua o 450 ℃, a ʻoi aku ka mahana hana o ka paia paipu kila humuhumu kila me ka ʻole o ka huila ma mua o 450 ℃.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka 11.GB18248-2000 (paipu kila humuhumu no nā pahu kinoea) e hana i nā pahu kinoea a me nā pahu hydraulic like ʻole. ʻO kāna mau mea hana e like me 37Mn, 34Mn2V, 35CrMo, a pēlā aku.
12. ʻO nā paipu ʻaila kiʻekiʻe-kaomi no nā ʻenekini diesel (GB3093-86) he mau paipu kila humuhumu anu i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā paipu kaomi kiʻekiʻe no nā ʻōnaehana inikini ʻenekini diesel.
13. ʻO nā paipu kila humuhumu kikoʻī me ke anawaena kūloko no nā paukūʻoloka hydraulic a me pneumatic (GB8713-88) he mau paipu kila humuhumu kikoʻī i huki anu ʻia a i ʻōwili anu ʻia me nā anawaena kūloko kikoʻī no ka hana ʻana i nā paukūʻoloka hydraulic a me pneumatic.
14. ʻO ka paipu kila wiliwili kikoʻī i huki anu ʻia a i ʻole i ʻōwili anu ʻia (GB3639-83) he paipu kila wiliwili kikoʻī i huki anu ʻia a i ʻole i ʻōwili anu ʻia no ka hoʻolālā mīkini a me nā lako hydraulic me ka pololei kiʻekiʻe o ka dimensional a me ka hoʻopau ʻili maikaʻi. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā paipu kila wiliwili kikoʻī e hana i nā hale mīkini a i ʻole nā lako hydraulic hiki ke mālama nui i nā hola hana mīkini, hoʻonui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea, a i ka manawa like e kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana.
15. ʻO nā paipu kila kila humuhumu ʻole (GB/T14975-1994) he ʻōwili wela (Extruded, hoʻonui ʻia) a me nā paipu kila humuhumu ʻole i huki anu ʻia (ʻōwili ʻia).
16. ʻO nā paipu kila humuhumu kila kila ʻole no ka lawe ʻana i nā wai (GB/T14976-1994) he mau paipu kila humuhumu wela (extruded, hoʻonui ʻia) a me nā paipu kila humuhumu anu i huki ʻia (ʻōwili ʻia) i hana ʻia me ke kila kila ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia no ka lawe ʻana i nā wai.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-08-2021